Document Object Model (DOM) manipulation in vanilla JavaScript enables dynamic web applications to update text, modify styles, and attach event handlers without external frameworks.

Vanilla JavaScript DOM Code Example

app.jsjavascript
// Select DOM elements
const card = document.querySelector('.card');
const toggleBtn = document.querySelector('#toggle-btn');
 
// Attach click event listener
toggleBtn?.addEventListener('click', () => {
    // Toggle active CSS class
    card?.classList.toggle('active');
    
    // Update text content safely
    if (toggleBtn) {
        toggleBtn.textContent = card?.classList.contains('active') 
            ? 'Hide Card' 
            : 'Show Card';
    }
});